Retro Computing Archives

Commodore 64 commands

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing October 4, 2016July 11, 2018cmd, commodore, commodore 64, unix

People frequently ask me for a list of common or useful Commodore 64 commands, including disk drive commands. Since the C-64’s built in operating system is more of a combination command line/Basic interpreter, it takes some getting used to if you didn’t grow up with it.

These commands assume a stock, unmodified C-64, freshly powered on. Many fast-load cartridges, ROM replacements, or so-called DOS wedge programs include shortcuts for these commands. But these commands work on any C-64 with a disk drive, modified or stock.

Dave Farquhar

David Farquhar is a computer security professional, entrepreneur, and author. He started his career as a part-time computer technician in 1994, worked his way up to system administrator by 1997, and has specialized in vulnerability management since 2013. He invests in real estate on the side and his hobbies include O gauge trains, baseball cards, and retro computers and video games. A University of Missouri graduate, he holds CISSP and Security+ certifications. He lives in St. Louis with his family.

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Commodore 1541-II DIP switches

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing September 21, 2016June 20, 20211541, commodore

Commodore’s 1541-II disk drive has a pair of DIP switches on the back to let you change its device number. DOS and Windows computers use drive letters to address its disk drives (usually A: and B:). Commodore used the numbers 8-11 to address them. Here’s how to set the 1541-II DIP switches so you can run more than one drive.

Dave Farquhar

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What does scroll lock do? Or scrlk?

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing September 7, 2016August 7, 20181980s, excel, IBM, lenovo

What’s the purpose of the scroll lock key? What does scroll lock do? With modern windowing operating systems we don’t need the scroll lock or scrlk key very often, but it solved a very real problem in the days of DOS.

The scrlk key is an abbreviation for scroll lock. Some keyboards abbreviate it even further. I one keyboard that just says “scr” on that key. However your keyboard abbreviates it, it’s almost always the key in between the print screen and pause keys.

Dave Farquhar

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Commodore financial history, 1978-1994

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing September 1, 2016April 29, 2024

Commodore’s rise and fall are legendary, at least to people like me who grew up using their computers. Putting numbers to that rise and fall was more difficult. I dug up the Commodore financial history from 1978-1994 to help quantify that spectacular rise and fall. Read more

Dave Farquhar

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Steve Jobs and the Amiga

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing August 29, 2016July 13, 20171980s, amiga, amiga os, apple, commodore, Commodore Amiga, macintosh, os 2, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak

Steve Jobs was aware of the Amiga. He didn’t think much of it. Even still, Steve Jobs and the Amiga did have some connections.

Jobs’ opinion of the Commodore PET made bigger headlines after he died, but Jobs had an opinion about the Amiga, too. Both pre- and post-Commodore Amiga.

Dave Farquhar

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Commodore 1540 vs 1541 disk drive

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing August 25, 2016December 17, 20201541, commodore, FCC

The dark tan 1541 is the most common C-64 peripheral in existence. Its counterpart for the VIC-20, which looks exactly like it at first glance, is pretty rare. The 1540 vs 1541 is a fairly common topic among Commodore enthusiasts.

Dave Farquhar

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Common AmigaDOS commands

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing August 16, 2016June 28, 2019amiga, cmd, commodore, Digital Equipment Corporation, ramdisk, TEMP, TMP, unix, unix commands

The Amiga had a command line, or CLI. It was a rather powerful CLI, especially for its time. But there are a number of differences between AmigaDOS and other operating systems you may be familiar with. These are the common AmigaDOS commands and their equivalents from other operating systems like DOS, Windows, Unix or Linux.

I’ve never seen a primer that relates or cross-references Amiga commands to Windows and Unix. So I wrote one. I hope it helps you understand your Amiga better. Because Amiga is sometimes like Windows and sometimes it’s like Unix, I think it might. And maybe, just maybe, you’ll learn something you didn’t know about Windows or Unix too.

Dave Farquhar

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Did Microsoft steal DOS from CP/M?

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing August 8, 2016February 21, 2022computer software, Digital Research, Gary Kildall, IBM, intel, Jerry Pournelle, podcast, SCO

Did Microsoft steal DOS from CP/M? There’s $100,000 in it for you if you can prove they did.

Digital forensics consultant Bob Zeidman still says no. I’ve written about him before. But the rumors persist, hence the reward. So how would one go about claiming it?

Start with what we know.

Dave Farquhar

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Gary Kildall’s memoirs released

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing August 4, 2016November 25, 2018Gary Kildall

Gary Kildall’s memoirs are legendary vaporware. Until now. Today, the Computer History Museum released 79 pages of it. What was released today isn’t the whole manuscript. But it’s better than what we had yesterday.

Gary Kildall is one of the unsung heroes of early computing. As such, he’s one of my favorite people to write about.

Late in his life, he started to write a memoir. I’ve only had a chance to read parts of the first two chapters, but they explain the man and his motives. It’s not the whole manuscript, and some people aren’t happy about that. But it’s better than what we had yesterday.

Most of what exists of computing history came from the victors’ point of view. Gary Kildall wasn’t one of the winners. But without his contributions, the winners wouldn’t have had much to build on.

Maybe someday Gary Kildall will get his due. Releasing his story in his own words is a start.

Undoubtedly I will have more to say after I read all 79 pages myself. But this release is too important not to mention.

Dave Farquhar

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What did a Commodore 64 cost?

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing August 3, 2016May 13, 2023

It’s pretty widely known that the Commodore 64 was the first 64K computer to sell for under $600. But what did a Commodore 64 cost over time? And what was the exact Commodore 64 launch price?

Dave Farquhar

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