Retro Computing Archives

Digital Research’s 1991 merger with Novell

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 17, 2026July 24, 2026 0 Comment

On July 17, 1991, Novell bought Digital Research for $80 million, a merger of a pioneer in desktop computer networking with a pioneer in desktop computer operating systems. Novell saw Microsoft coming after its business on multiple fronts, and saw the acquisition of Digital Research as a defensive move to counter it.

Dave Farquhar

David Farquhar is a computer security professional, entrepreneur, and author. He has written professionally about computers since 1991, so he was writing about retro computers when they were still new. He has been working in IT professionally since 1994 and has specialized in vulnerability management since 2013. He holds Security+ and CISSP certifications. Today he blogs five times a week, mostly about retro computers and retro gaming covering the time period from 1975 to 2000.

dfarq.homeip.net

Intel founded July 18, 1968

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 16, 2026July 16, 2026 1 Comment

Intel was founded July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Gordon Moore (of Moore’s law fame) and Robert Noyce and investor Arthur Rock. Intel’s employee #3 was Andrew Grove. Moore, Noyce, and Grove had all worked together at Fairchild Semiconductor in the mid 1960s.

The name “Intel” means INTegrated ELectronics. Moore and Noyce didn’t want to name the company after themselves, as it would sound like “more noise.” With noise being an undesired property in electronics, they initially chose the name NM Electronics, using their initials, but changed the name to Intel less than two weeks after its founding. Intel was already a trademark of a hotel chain, so the young company bought the rights to the name.

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net

Reasons for Escom’s bankruptcy

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 15, 2026July 15, 2026 3 Comments

On July 15, 1996, German PC manufacturer Escom declared bankruptcy. But Escom wasn’t necessarily just an ordinary PC manufacturer. Escom went bankrupt less than 2 years after acquiring the Commodore and Amiga brand names and starting to use their technology. Were Commodore and Amiga cursed? Or was there something else going on that led to Escom’s bankruptcy?

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net

Gary Kildall’s death investigation

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 10, 2026July 10, 2026 6 Comments

Gary Kildall’s death investigation, or the seeming lack thereof, has taken on mythical proportions. Gary Kildall’s story seems to have that effect on people. Just like the story of Kildall allegedly going flying instead of meeting with IBM in August 1980, the story of Gary Kildall’s death on July 11, 1994 spiraled out of control.

While Gary Kildall died under unclear circumstances, his death was less unusual than early accounts made it seem. That’s why the investigation seemed to fizzle out with less fanfare than it deserved.

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net

Monorail: Pioneering $999 PCs from 1996

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 9, 2026July 9, 2026 0 Comment

Monorail was a short-lived PC vendor from the late 1990s and early 2000s. Founded November 2, 1995, they were the first company to sell a Pentium-class PC including a display for under $1,000. And Monorail PCs were the first desktop all-in-one computer that included an LCD rather than using a CRT. On top of all that, they assembled their computers in the USA, utilizing a facility in Kansas City, Mo. So what happened to Monorail? Why did it fail on July 9, 2005, less than 10 years from its launch?

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net

Ray Kassar, former Atari CEO

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 7, 2026July 7, 2026 0 Comment

Raymond Edward Kassar was born January 2, 1928 and died December 10, 2017, aged 89, in Vero Beach, Florida. Ray Kassar was president, and later CEO, of Atari Inc. from 1978 to 1983. Atari’s parent company, Warner Bros, hired him as president of Atari’s consumer division in February 1978 after he spent 26 years at Burlington Industries, a textile maker.

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net

Why IBM bought Lotus

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 6, 2026July 6, 2026 6 Comments

On July 6, 1995, IBM bought Lotus Development for $3.5 billion. Lotus had once been the second largest software publisher in the world and was worth $5.5 billion at its IPO. Its flagship product, the spreadsheet Lotus 1-2-3, had been a key driver in sales of the original IBM PC in the early 1980s. By 1995, Lotus wasn’t trending in the right direction, but IBM had plans and thought Lotus fit into them.

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net

Compute!’s Gazette magazine, 1983-1995

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 3, 2026July 3, 2026 1 Comment

In July 1983, one of my personal favorite Commodore computer magazines of all time, Compute!’s Gazette, was born. An offshoot of the general computer magazine Compute!, Gazette’s first issue was dated July 1983 and quickly proved successful, closely following the trajectory of the Commodore 8-bit computers it covered.

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net

Jack Tramiel and Atari

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 2, 2026July 2, 2026 1 Comment

On July 2, 1984, Atari got a new owner. After a disastrous 1983, its owner, Warner Communications, wanted out, just a year and a half after Atari had $2 billion in sales. It went from being called the greatest acquisition in history in the New York Times to a toxic asset in about 18 months. Warner found a buyer in Jack Tramiel, the exiled founder of Commodore.

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net

The earliest surviving Tom’s Hardware Guide article

Dave Farquhar Retro Computing July 1, 2026July 1, 2026

The earliest dated article still active on Tom’s Hardware Guide is dated July 1, 1996. It was an article about CPU softmenus, something we pretty much take for granted today, but at the time was only available on select Abit and QDI motherboards. I’m not 100% certain that Tom’s Hardware Guide made its debut on July 1, 1996. In fact, I’m pretty sure it didn’t. But without a firm birth date, today’s as good of a day as any to look back at the very early days of a venerable PC hardware website.

Dave Farquhar

dfarq.homeip.net